women in advertising

https://www.slideshare.net/secret/y0C0AhcskTKxDB

Life on mars analysis

Life on Mars- The story so Far

1.     Sam Tyler is a normal DCI in 2006 when he is hit by a car whilst chasing a criminal and ends up in a coma

2.     When Sam is in the coma, he ends up in 1973 which was the year he was born.

3.     In 1973, Sam works for Manchester and Salford police under DCI Gene Hunt.

4.     During the first episode, a murder has been committed and it is up to Sam and Gene to find the murderer.

5.     Sam then returns to what his home is in 1973 and through the TV, Sam sees the doctor that is trying to save him but the doctor can’t hear Sam’s response and so he disappears off the screen.

6.     Sam then goes to the store that he bought his first record from and sees a piece of material that he had seen whilst examining the body of the woman who had been killed underneath her fingertips.

7.     Sam and Gene then interview a next door neighbour of the criminal and she says that she had called the police about the noise but now she can’t hear anything because it’s been blocked out, which then alerts Sam and Gene to the material and go after the criminal

8.     Sam and Gene then go after the criminal and arrest him. Then Sam sees a young boy who he recognises from his own time as he turns out to be the criminal that they arrest in the beginning of the episode

9.     Sam is then told how he can get back to his own time via a character who is representing the doctor

10.                        Sam then goes to the top of a building and is inches away from jumping off so that he can return to 2006 when he is stopped as he is told that what he was told was a mistake.

Title sequence

It starts off with Sam being hit by the car and on the floor in 2006 and a bright colour pallet is used for the sky.

We then see Sam looking at himself in a car wing mirror in 1973

We then see Sam in a black leather jacket and a beige shirt to symbolize 1973.

The voice over in the title sequence is Sam’s voice and telling us the story about how he ended up in 1973 and if he was mad or in a coma, which is a linguistic code for modern day.

We also iconography used when we are shown the police station and what is looked like in 1973

The titles then come in and fades in onto multiple screens and the title of the show fades also fades in with the last part of the title flicking through the years up until 1973 and then changes to the word Mars. The way that this title sequence works is that it represents 1973 as the title is blurry and not clear to the audience.

We are then drawn to the actors who appear in the show and the first one that we see is John Simm, which could symbolize that the character that he plays is the one that we go on the journey with the most. There is also iconography used here as we see Sam with his badge which symbolises that he’s got a high status.

We are then shown the next actor, and we see that his character is smoking and is scruffy to symbolize the difference between the police force in 2006 and 1973.

The next thing that we can see is the way that the role of criminal has been stereotyped as they are represented wearing a balaclava and pointing a gun.

We then see Sam and Gene bringing in the criminal together to symbolize that they worked together

Title in crosshair- like a rifle sight

Tyler framed dominantly right suited with a tie- precise and by the book

Classic convention- 70s action music

The Accident

Tyler’s emotion is revealed by the cu in the car of his tears. He hits the wheel and mouths expletives, revealing his vulnerability and enabling the audience to empathise with him once more.

Diegetic sound resumes abruptly and shockingly with the squeal of breaks as he just misses the car. The cu on the iPod reveals low battery (foreshadowing his own “battery life”)

The parallel soundtrack is running “with the clearest view” and as Tyler exhales, the car that knocks him down comes out of nowhere, creating a sense of shock in the audience. There has been no narrative set up for this.

We cut back to the BEV and there is another canted shot of Sam lying on the floor.

Diegetic sirens and the soundtrack are heard.

Is it a flashback? A dream? A flash of red is seen through the trees- enigma codes and symbolic code of danger or warning

As the heart monitor beeps, another edit on a flash occurs on Sam’s eyes open and he sits up- suddenly in one uncanny moment.

1973

Tyler is revealed wearing a leather jacket and flares. As he attempts to recover, a uniformed PC with a nostalgic helmet and 70s moustache appears. These visual codes indicate the transition in time.

Tyler’s papers indicate that he is a DI (demoted) from Hyde (cultural code connoting duality within personality, an alter ego)

The camera pans up a billboard of the Mancunian Way (coming soon), an intertextual reference to the “Lyon Estates” billboard seen by Marty McFly in “Back to the Future” which is also yet to be built. As the camera reveals the costumes and the cars, he catches sight of his reflection in the wing mirror. He is evidently shocked by his costume but the distorted image has dream-like qualities. The iconic but nostalgic police badge implies to the audience that we are in a different era.

Cut to a bridging shot of sky (connotations of other-worldliness) as Sam walks into shot. Again, there is a low angle shot of police station HQ- but this time with bicycles, a lamp and panda cars. We are clearly not in present day.

When we enter the police station we can clearly see that it’s not the same as 2006 as there are no computers in the office and there is a load of paperwork as that was how the police worked back in the 70s.

We also notice that the lighting is darker than 2006 which could imply the idea that at the time the wat that the police dealt with crimes was more serious than today. The HQ back in 1973 also looks claustrophobic. If we look at the police HQ back in 2006 there is a lot more space for people and that the HQ is bright.

We can also notice that the characters are smoking which connotes to us that at the time the police could smoke in the office. We see this by the smoke in the air which would make the air that they are breathing in dirty. If we look at the office back in 2006, we can see that no one is smoking in the office and that the air is clearer.

In 1973, we can see that the characters have a relaxed attitude to the amount of work they had to do, whereas in 2006 the characters, particularly Sam as he’s trying to catch the criminal who committed the crime before they commit another one.

Finally, in 1973, the way that the characters dressed was scruffy as they had their shirts untucked and top buttons undone which could suggest that they didn’t care about their reputation, whereas in 2006, Sam wears a suit and is smart which symbolizes that the police care about the reputation and that they want to be treated with respect and symbolize to the criminals that they are serious about their job.

Theorists in a nutshell 

Blumler and Katz

Uses and gratification theory 

information 

personal identity 

Entertainment 

Social interaction 

Stuart Hall- Reception theory

preferred/ dominant reading 

Negotiated reading 

oppositional reading 

Mulvey- Male Gaze 

camera is male pov

women either erotic object for characters or audience 

Earp and Katz- Tough Guise 

Media represents masculinity as aggressive, dominant and violence

Barthes

Action codes hints to the audience what is to come 

Enigma codes create questions

Levi Strauss

Conflict (the root of any narrative) is offered by binary opposites 

Propp 

There are 8 character types who serve narrative in some way 

The Hero- the one who is on a quest 

The Villain- the one who works in opposition to the hero 

The Princess- the one that the quest is for 

The Dispatcher- the one who sends the hero on the quest 

The Donor- the one who gives the hero something to help them on the quest 

The Helper- the one who assists the hero on the quest

The Father- the one that rewards the hero 

False Hero- the one who appears to be helping the hero but is unmasked as a fraud 

Todorov 

Every narrative is essentially:

Equilibrium 

Disruption 

Resolution 

New Equilibrium 

magazines- overview of the industry

One of the key changes that has taken place in recent years is that many magazines have been published for many different audience. For example in the early 20th century, William Randolph Hearst launched Good Housekeeping, Harper's Bazaar and National Geographic which are still being published today. Then Female targeted magazines were launched for example Vogue and Vanity Fair, which brought fashion and women's issues to the forefront of popular culture,. If we then look at the 50s, this is when sports illustrated and Rolling Stone. Rolling stone is still being published as it covers a variety of topics for example pop culture and celebrities. The 60s and 70s then changed magazines as celebrity and entertainment focused magazines were published to allow the audience to know what was happening to celebrities when they aren't working or when a new film was coming out they will show the audience behind the scenes of the film. The in the late 1990 and 2000s the digital revolution was born, but magazines have not suffered steep declines like newspapers, in fact across the industry there have been few subscriptions. In order to show that magazine wasn't dying, in 2014 according to database Mediafinder about 190 new titles were launched. In today's society we have many magazines around the world that focus on specific genres. One genre that is popular today  is film magazines as it allows the audience to know what films are coming out during the course of the month and also exclusive interviews with the cast of the film. There are also magazines for technology today, for example there is a magazine for iphone users to inform the target audience how to make the most of their phone. Also according to the latest facts from nrs, it shows that almost three quarters of adults in Great Britain consuming a magazine either in print or digital. It also shows that most of the adults that do consume a magazine, consume it in the form of a print version rather than a digital version.

Non- Mainstream magazine
Vogue- Print outlets
Tesco
Asda
Sainsburys
Morrisons
WH Smith
Amazon

Digital outlets
Amazon
Vogue ofiical website
Crazy about magazines
UK saver
Magazine Cafe
Zino

One of the positve benefits for Huck and Big Issue being on Zino is that it allows them to gian a new fan base as it may attract the eye of the people who read magazines in digital form, and this will allow them to view new magazines. This also allows the magazines to be published around the world so that other people can keep up to date with what is happening within the world. A major benefit for the Big isue with this is that it allows them to help even more homless people than they have ever done before as that is what the magazine is produced for.

inside the BBC

https://www.slideshare.net/secret/3EzQ6lhjvoCjNe

Vogue and Big Issue cover comparison

https://www.slideshare.net/secret/8M2c8prRinuj9X

comparison of Vogue and Big issue covers

https://www.slideshare.net/secret/4Xh5qxj9fyzYNg

Big issue

the Big issue is a large mainstream orgainsation that is published and sold so that they can help people who are homeless. They are part of a media conglomerate as they publish the magazine in print and online so that the taget audience can find the latest news in their issue easier. The Big issue also has other media products for example they have the Big issue invest, the Big issue foundation and also the Big issue shop. the reason that this is significant for the magazine is because the audience can find out what the Big isue is about and the reason that it is published. Also they have a shop so that people can buy products that they have produced in order to raise money to help the homeless. With the Big issue invest it allows the comapny to invest in other compaines that are wanting to be promoted. They show that they have invested in over 300 organisations since 2005, which will promote the magazine to these companies as reliable company and will be promoted around the world.

The Big issue is an award winning magazine which offers employment to people in poverty, a multi million pound social investment business enterprise to drive social change. The Big issue stive to dismantle poverty through creating opportunities. They also stive to dismantle poverty through self- help, social trading and business solutions. The way that the Big isssue is distributed is that the vendors buy the Big issue for £1.25 and then sell it on for £2.50.  The Big issue foundation is an independently funded registered charity, which works exclusively with Big issue vendors. They are connected to them to give them the vital support they need in order to enable them to rebuild their lives and determine their own pathways to a better future.  They work in areas such as employment, training, education and learning , health care, housing and personal development, they seek to deliver positive outcomes by supporting vendors to access the appropriate service and support to meet their individual needs.

Over time the Big issue has had a redesign in over 10 years and it was relauched also. They also now have a social media page so that they can gain new fans and a new audience. One of the ways that the magazine maintains an audience is by having interviews with celebrities so that they can attract a new audience. For example when it was relauched back in 2014, they had on the front cover a picture of Benedict Cumberbatch who at the time was palying Sherlock on the BBC. This would have attracted the fans of Sherlock to the magazine. The brand has aslso got products of the magazine around the world so this is another way that the magazine maintains an audience as it allows people to find out what is going on in the world. The reason that this magazine achieves suucess when many other magazines are in decline is because the taget of the magazine is to dismantle poverty which is a huge problem in the world, so this means that people buy this magazine in order to help them dismantle poverty, but also it allows the government to see that other people are trying to fix the mistakes that they have made.

vogue

Condé Nast International is the international arm of the New-York based publishing company which produces many of the world's best known magazine brands, including Vogue, Glamour, Gentleman's Quarterly, Architectural Digest, Wired, House & Garden, Condé Nast Traveller, Tatler and Vanity Fair. Condé Nast International publishes 143 magazines, close to 100 websites and more than 150 tablet and mobile apps.

The Condé Nast Group was the first publishing company to establish international editions. British Vogue was launched in 1916 at the height of World War I, and Les Publications Condé Nast formed four years later with the launch of Vogue Paris. Vogue  was launched in Australia in 1959, followed by Italian Vogue in 1965, and  L'Uomo Vogue in 1968. Condé Nast International began publishing in Brazil in 1975, in Germany in 1979, Spain in 1988,  Russia in 1998,  Japan in 1999, and entered the Chinese market in 2001.  Condé Nast India was established in 2007.

 Condé Nast International has been positioning itself as a leader in digital publishing, with branded websites, iPad and mobile apps, and editions on multiple devices. The company has simultaneously diversified and expanded with contract publishing ventures, a restaurant division, fairs, conferences, festivals and the first Condé Nast College of fashion and design.

 Condé Nast International's reputation is rooted in creating excellent, exciting content that is engaging, visually arresting and often groundbreaking, and which is now available to an ever wider audience across multiple media channels.  

the reason this is all significant for the magazine is because it is published across many media platforms, which will allow the magzine to gain a new and younger audience. It also allows for the audience to explore some of the other products produced by this company.

the reason that the Vogue brand is unique is because the first issue of British Vogue was released in 1916 during the first world war, so even though people are trying to stay safe, this magazine also wants the public to know what the latest style is even though everywhere around them is destoryed. Also even when world war 2 broke out, they still continued to publish this magazine during the 6 years of world war 2, suggesting that even though they were in another war, the company wouldn't aloow it to stop them from publishing the magazine. 

over time, vogue has changed along with the years. One way that the brand has changed over the years is that during the 1930s, Vogue released a dedicated beauty issue. Then in 1950, when Queen Elizabeth the second takes to the trhone, Vogue start to release an anual Britannica issue. A further way that the brand has changed over time, is that during the 1960s they moved to Hanover Square and during the 60s they start to focus on rockstars and pop culture starts to become popular. Even before man walked on the moon, Vogue had an issue out that picked out what to wear if you found yourself on the moon. In the 70s, Vogue gets behind the second wave of feminism. In the 80s, Vogue shows big dresses, big dreams and bigger shoulder pads, Vogue blazes a trail for women to be unafraid and unapologetic about having it all. In the 90s British Vogue transports models into household names. in the 2000s and 2010s, Vogue evolves from page, to screen, to pocket, which then creates festivals, and creates new ways to follow fashion.

In the 1960s many changes occured. For example fashion photographies exploded and a new pop culture revolution is being lead which runs in packs with rockstars and their cult status snatched in front of the lens and the fresh new faces of modelling. British Vogue is going along with the times and thrieves on reformation, experimentation and female choice. It also encourages sex, freedom and equality.

in the set cover the changes are evident because we can tell that she is a young woman and a fresh new face for modelling. We can also tell by this photo on the set cover her cult status by what she is wearing whic could symbolize that her cult status is high. A further thing that is evident in the set cover that blends in whith the context is experimentation. We can see experimentation being used as they decide to use a head shot rather than a full body shot to gain the audiences attention just to her face. Another thing that is evident in this set cover is female choice. They would have aked the woman before if she wanted to be on the front cover, giving her own choice instead of just using her for their model. This also ties in with equality as women were staring to be treated as equally as men as before this time they may have just used a female for their model without asking them. Finally another thing that is evident on this set cover is the ecouragment for sex as at the time the woman on the front cover was a sex symbol for men.

One of the reasons that Vogue has attracted and maintained an audience for over 100 years is because they ahev used famous women to model on the front cover of the magazine which attracts an audience because they would want to see what they are wearing so that they can find a similar style. Another reason that Vogue has doen this is by releasing different versions of the magazine in different parts of the world so that it can attract a worldwide audience.  A third way that Vogue has achieved this is by publishing it on many media platforms so that the audience can recicve it it many differnt forms and also it allows the magazine to gain new fans as many people now prefer to read news on mobile devices. They also use social media so that they can update fans regulary on the different fashion trends. Finally, Vogue has done this because it publishes sometimes a standard edition and a special edition, which attracts the audience as a special edition will include something that isn't included in the standrad edition. Also it continues to shape the new fashion trends to the audience.

Riptide analysis

The various elements of media language has a huge imapct and influences the meaing of music videos.
one of the elements of media language that is used to influence the meaning of music videos is the budget. If we look at the music video Riptide by Vance Joy, we can clearly tell that it is a low budget music video as we can clearly tell that the footage and images used have been found and cut into the video. Evidence of this being used is the way that they use a montage throughout the video to convey the meaning of the song. For example we see at the beginning of the video we see the woman in the dentists chair and the iamge of the lightbulb fading. In contrast to this, another Vance Joy music video called Georgia is a high budget music video. We can clearly see this straight away as we have a pan view of a jungle, whereas in the Riptide video th opening shot is a poor quality shot of the sky. Also used in the video Georgia that isn't used in the video Riptide is special effects. These are used to create explosions and a gun shot wound. The budget has a huge imapct on the band as if it is a low budget video like Riptide then it won't catch the eye of the target audience, whereas if it is a high budget video then it will catch the eye of the target audience as it looks more cinematic.
Riptide relies heavily on intertextuality- intertextuality allows the target audience to recognise and relate to elements through the clever use of props, backgrounds and stereotypes. A good example of this is when the lyics "The cowboy's running from himself" are sang, a man is wearing a brown waistcoat and a overcoat. He also wears a stetson hat. The target audience wouldn't have to etablish the cowboy in this video as cowboys have been represented in many films and so are well established with this stereotype.
One element that the video Riptide does include is challenging the typical codes and conventions of narrative as it doesn't follow a simple narrative story. Instead what this bideo does is cut links betwen lingustic and symbolic codes. For example when the line "Being dragged away to the dark side" a woman is dragged away into darkness. Another element that this music video does is influences surrealiststs because if you take the lyrics away from the video, then it wouldn't make any sense and goes against reality.
A further element that the video Riptide includes is Roland Barthe's theory of subversion of conventions as it confers to uniqueness. An example of this is when the line "All my friends are turning green" is sung. Most artists may have used actors with a special effect to represent this, however Vance Joy represents this in a unique way as he uses an image of a dollar to represent this. By doing this he could be representing the obvious fact that his friends are turning green at his success, but he could also be signifying the fact that he has more money than he does friends.
This video Riptide also includes the element of semiotics. The reason that semiotics is used here is to convey meaning and also symbolize what is actually being sang. For example we see a clip of a woman untangling herself from a pile of string. This is used to symbolize the lyrics "They come unstuck." This could also denote the fact that it could symbolize that everytime he tries to get into a relationship, it comes unstuck.
The Riptide video also includes the element of cinematic features. The reason that this is used is to catch the eye of the target audience and also that when the target audience watch the video, they feel as though it is like a film. For example, they use a cowboy hat and a cowboy outfit on the actor and placed a desert background at the back of him to symbolize the genre of a western. By using these, they have used the codes and conventions of westerns.
In conclusion the media language used in the video Riptide gains the attention of the target audience and also gains the artist Vance Joy more fans. Secondly, Vance Joy becomes more famous with this video and so he became more recognisable to the public. The video represents Vance Joy as a quircky and creative artist who had a broad imagination.

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